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to the Nursing Theory Page
| Norma Jean Schmieding
is an authority on Orlando's theory. In the late 1960s she studied with
Orlando and subsequently used her theory in her clinical practice, nursing
administration, and teaching. Dr. Schmieding was director of nursing
in two hospitals, one being Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA. Under
her direction Orlando's theory was applied in both administrative and clinical
practice. Schmieding was one of the firsts to advocate that clinical and
administrative nurses use the same nursing theory as the basis for their
practice. Schmieding, who taught at Boston University, Salem State
College, and Case Western Reserve University, now teaches at the University
of Rhode Island.
Dr. Schmieding has conducted administrative research using Orlando's theoretical formulations both in the US and Japan. Her extensive publications on Orlando's theory are about three areas of nursing; nursing practice, research, and theory development. Selected examples of each are below. In addition to her work on Orlando, Schmieding has focused on increasing the percentage of people from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups into nursing. She has published and presented on this critical nursing issue. Practice
Schmieding, N.J. (1987). Face-to-face contacts: Exploring their meaning. Nursing Management, 12(11), 82-86. Schmieding, N.J. (1988. Action process of nurse administrators to problematic situations based on Orlando's theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 13(1), 99-107. Schmieding, N.J. (1992). Relationship between head nurse responses to staff nurses and staff nurse response to patients, Western Journal of Nursing, 13(6), 746-760. Theory
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